Yes, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). It was established in 2003 under President George W. Bush and focuses on enforcing immigration and customs laws, conducting investigations, and addressing threats to national security and public safety. ICE agents have authority to arrest, detain, and deport individuals who violate these laws, but their powers differ from those of local police.
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) plays a central role in enforcing federal immigration laws within the United States, focusing on interior enforcement rather than border patrol (which is primarily handled by Customs and Border Protection). Established in 2003 as part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), ICE's immigration enforcement activities are carried out through its key operational directorates: Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO), Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), and the Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA).
Key Components of ICE's Role
- Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO): This directorate handles the identification, arrest, detention, and removal (deportation) of individuals who violate immigration laws. ERO prioritizes threats to national security, public safety, and the integrity of the immigration system, such as convicted criminals, gang members, those who re-enter illegally after prior removal, and immigration fugitives. It manages the entire process, including domestic transportation, bond decisions, supervised release (e.g., alternatives to detention), and deportations to over 150 countries. ERO also collaborates with INTERPOL to apprehend foreign fugitives.
- Homeland Security Investigations (HSI): HSI conducts criminal investigations into transnational crimes that exploit U.S. immigration and customs systems. This includes human smuggling and trafficking, document and identity fraud, worksite enforcement (e.g., targeting employers hiring undocumented workers), and related threats like terrorism, narcotics smuggling, and child exploitation. HSI operates both domestically and internationally, gathering evidence, executing warrants, and seizing assets to dismantle criminal networks.
- Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA): OPLA provides legal support for ICE's enforcement efforts, representing the agency in immigration removal proceedings before the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR). It litigates cases involving criminal aliens, terrorists, and human rights violators, while also advising on immigration, customs, and criminal law matters. OPLA defends ICE's actions in federal courts and handles related administrative issues.
Scope and Priorities
ICE's enforcement focuses on interior operations—at worksites, communities, and beyond borders—rather than at ports of entry. Priorities include removing individuals who pose risks to public safety or have final deportation orders. As of early 2026, there are no major publicly announced changes to ICE's mission or enforcement strategies since the last update in March 2025. The agency operates with over 20,000 personnel and an annual budget of about $8 billion, emphasizing collaboration with other law enforcement entities to protect national security and economic interests.
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